The longstanding border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia has once again erupted into deadly violence despite international calls for peace.
Since its escalation on July 24 near the contested border, the conflict has resulted in at least 33 deaths and displaced over 168,000 people across both countries, marking the worst outbreak in over a decade.
The clashes began after a land mine wounded five Thai soldiers, with each side blaming the other for provoking hostilities. Fighting, including artillery and rocket attacks, has taken place near key sites such as the historic Prasat Ta Muen Thom temple, claimed by both nations.
U.S. President Donald Trump intervened by contacting leaders from both countries, warning that continued violence could jeopardise trade agreements. Following this, both sides expressed willingness to enter ceasefire talks.
Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet committed to an “immediate and unconditional ceasefire,” while Thailand’s Acting Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai agreed in principle but stressed the need for “sincere intention” from Cambodia.
Despite these diplomatic efforts, fighting resumed soon after. Thai officials accused Cambodia of shelling civilian areas and the disputed temple; Cambodia accused Thai forces of large-scale incursions with tanks and troops. Both countries have recalled ambassadors, and Thailand has closed several border crossings, heightening tensions.
The humanitarian toll is severe: over 130,000 displaced within Thailand and nearly 38,000 from Cambodian border provinces, with many schools and hospitals closed. The UN Security Council has urged ASEAN to mediate, while Human Rights Watch condemned the use of cluster munitions, calling on both governments to protect civilians despite neither being party to the convention banning such weapons.
This conflict stems from century-old colonial borders and rising nationalist tensions. The recent escalation followed the death of a Cambodian soldier in May 2025, further straining relations.
With no immediate resolution, analysts warn of further escalation as both sides seek to solidify control over disputed areas ahead of talks. International efforts continue to prioritise ceasefire and civilian protection to resolve this enduring conflict.